Collapse of the Pension Schemes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collapse of the Pension Schemes - Case Study Example The court did not oblige the government to provide for the compensation of all the victims. The Prime Minister stated that his government has already set up 1.8 billion pounds for its Financial Assistance Scheme. Even though he sympathized with them, the Prime Minister expressed that the solution should be affordable. He also expressed his concern over the decision which may hold the government always responsible for the collapse of any pension scheme which would mean billions of pounds exacted upon the government. Conservative leader David Cameron called for discussions among the government, opposition and representatives of the victims of the collapsed pension scheme to come with compensation packages. David Laws, Liberal Democrat Work and Pensions spokesman, expressed his intent to call for the amendment of the Pensions Bill so compensations could be provided. John Hutton, Work and Pensions Secretary of the Government, stated that he government would carefully consider the ombudsman's report. Society owes a big debt to the victims of collapsed pension schemes since these people have been paying taxes. Even though resources are limited, they still deserve help. The government has to set a good example by helping these hardworking people and think of creative ways to solve the pensions crisis. Henry Bradley and Bob Duncan expressed their delight over the decision. The Guardian: Pensions - Back to Basics John Benson, a victim of the collapsed pension scheme, was delighted over the decision of the high court after having suffered so much. All those affected are entitled to two kinds of justice- individual and social. The former concerns their right to receive pension because they paid their dues while the latter concerns the principle that people who have been working hard all their life are entitled to a decent living. The question of who is responsible and to what degree is still unclear even after the judgment but the court has ruled that the government is partly responsible for encouraging the people to invest in such schemes. The work and pensions secretary, John Hutton, is now responsible for the compensation of the affected person due to legal and humanitarian considerations PM Blair's concern regarding the ruling also deserves attention as it may provide the employer the opportunity to transfer the burden of compensation to the government. The government should see to it that the taxpayers are well informed about the repercussions of employers collapsing pension schemes even though it this possibility has already been minimized. Governments are still the only reliable form of material security. The Turner Commission report and the ruling recognize the role of the government in providing that security. On whether the government should compensate The dilemma that now faces us is whether the government should provide for the pension of its constituents who have become victims of collapsed pension schemes. It has been argued that these people deserve some form of compensation because they paid their dues and have been good taxpayers and it is therefore only right for them to be given what is due to them. If the government does take this responsibility, then

Ageism in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Ageism in the Workplace Essay Ageism can happen to anyone, young or old. Many times when discussing Ageism or age discrimination, most people consider older generations as those affected, but the reality is that younger generations can be affected by Ageism as well. Ageism is growing in America today, and there are many significant issues that are being associated with this form of discrimination. The purpose of this paper is to define Ageism and who is being affected by it. Those affected are experiencing a wide array of issues that can ultimately have serious and sometimes fatal consequences. Ageism is not something that cannot be cured, and there are definitely ways to overcome it. Ways to combat this problem, include education and mentoring. This paper will outline many different opportunities within these two areas and ultimately conclude with recommendations for organizational management to combat the growing issue of Ageism. Ageism Definition What is Ageism? In simple terms, ageism is defined as a form of discrimination targeting older adults, generally 55 years of age and older. Dr. Linda Woolf uses a definition by A. J.  Traxler to define Ageism as any attitude, action, or institutional structure which subordinates a person or group because of age or any assignment of roles in society purely on the basis of age. Ageism is different from other forms of discrimination in that an individual’s age is static unlike their race or gender (Woolf, 1998). What Dr. Woolf means by this is that a person’s age is constantly changing, and no one is exempt from experiencing ageism in some form. All of us at some point will be affected by Ageism, whether we stereotype others or we are stereotyped based simply on how old we are at that point in time. Ageism is slowly becoming a major issue within the workforce of America. Persons Affected Baby Boomers. There are some discrepancies in which period of time the Baby-Boomer generations actually begin and end, but for my research, the period is established as 1946 to 1964 (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). Baby-Boomers were born in a five to six year period immediately following World War II. The current age range for Baby-Boomers would be around 63 to 68 years of age. This generation is obviously within the prime age range to be affected by Ageism. The consulting firm, Age Lessons, lists 3 R’s as areas of concern for Baby-Boomers: redundancy, relevance, and resentment from younger co-workers (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). Boomers definitely have reason to be concerned about redundancy. In this day and age with so many layoffs occurring, many companies are looking at older employees, especially those within retirement age, as individuals to cut. The Boomer generation, having been around a while, most times is more expensive to retain than younger employees. Many older employees struggle to remain productive and relevant within the organization. They fear being left behind unless their employer offers them training opportunities (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). The final R, and maybe the harshest, is resentment from younger employees looking to grow and advance within an organization, but feel they are being held back by the Boomer generation. I have seen this type of resentment first hand, and it can and does often lead to an unstable work environment. Generation X. Who makes up Generation X? Well there are many different ranges of time given to define this group of individuals, but a good estimate is 1965 to 1980 (Jochim, 1997). The age range of this group is now around 33-48 years of age. That doesn’t seem very old, and one would wonder how Ageism could be affecting this group. They would seem to be in their prime working years. The reality is that as of 2003, more and more young workers feel they are being discriminated against because of their age (Armour, 2003). Revealing statistics support this belief among young workers. In an article for USA Today, Jennifer Armour reveals that in 2003 the unemployment rate for workers 25 to 34 was at 6. 9 percent, well above the 3. 9 percent for employees 55 and older. A more recent poll by Gallup, as of April 2012, puts the underemployment rate for adults 30 to 49 at 14 percent, still ahead of the 13. 6 percent for adults 50 to 64. Compare both of these with a 12. 7 percent rate for adults 65 and older, and you can see that ageism can affect all ages. This is a startling increase since 2003 and speaks to our current economy and the mindset of employers when determining who to retain and who to let go. With so many young adults underemployed or unemployed, they are unable to attain the experience and skills necessary to help them grow and attain better jobs in the future (Jacobe, 2012). These issues combined could lead to significant repercussions for the future of American business. Issues of Ageism Health There are many issues that lead to Ageism in the workplace. One issue is the health of the employee. Generally, organizations worry about the health of their older employees and how it may relate to work attendance. One stereotype is that older workers seem to be more fragile and are not able to physically perform as well as their younger counterparts (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). Issues of Ageism surrounding employee health are not only limited to physical requirements, but include mental aptitude as well. In fact, a 2001 survey conducted at Duke University found that nearly 80 percent of respondents age 60 and older experienced ageism such as people assuming they had memory impairments because of their age (Dittmann, 2003). Costs Many costs are associated with Ageism, but they are not all economic in nature. Costs to the elderly, costs to the younger generation, as well as social costs are a few that contribute to the problem. The discrimination of Ageism can affect individuals in many ways such as being denied employment or being passed over for promotion, just to mention a couple. One significant, yet subtle, blow can occur to the individual’s self-esteem (Palmore, 2005). The feeling of no longer being needed or wanted within an organization can have significant consequences to an elderly individual. It can lead to depression and a rapid deterioration of mental and physical skills. At the other end of the spectrum, is the much younger generation of workers. The costs of ageism can affect them as well. The costs to them are related to the topic of economic costs. According to Mr. Palmore, special programs that benefit only older persons, such as Medicare and Medicaid, are funded by the tax dollars of the younger employees within the workforce; the amount was greater than $300 billion annually in 1999. The final cost is the social cost to not only the elders, but the younger generation as well. The younger generation loses a significant wealth of knowledge to pull from while the elderly lose an opportunity for social interaction. Technology As time goes by, technology continues to progress at a rapid pace, and it is often difficult for individuals, as well as organizations, to keep up with the ever changing products. Many managers feel that older workers do not like change and lack the desire to learn new technology or simply have no valuable technical skills to offer (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). In my own personal experience in the technology industry, I have supervised older employees who had the minimal skills to succeed but did not want to put forth the effort to learn new skills in order to advance. Likewise, I have had supervisors who are â€Å"old school† and had no interests in keeping up with the technological advances. This led to younger employees actually having a greater knowledge base than their manager. Education Education of older employees is also a concern for managers in today’s constantly changing environment. The changes of the work environment have brought new knowledge, skill, and ability requirements for all workers (Lee, Czaja Sharit, 2009). The question that managers have to answer is, do older employees have the necessary cognitive abilities to learn and perform these new requirements. As I mentioned earlier, some older adults do not have the desire to learn new skills at such a late stage of their career, and this is an issue many managers are faced with. Attitude can play a large part in a manager’s decision to select older adults for the necessary training to keep those individuals gainfully employed. A negative attitude by older employees can lead to negative stereotypes and concerns about the trainability of such individuals (Lee, Czaja Sharit, 2009). Older adults, who display a desire and enthusiasm about learning new skills and abilities, have a greater opportunity to overcome the negative stereotypes and contribute significantly to any organization. Risks While efforts are being made to eliminate all forms of discrimination, it continues to occur today to many groups including older adults. Wendy Taormina-Weiss states, â€Å"Despite efforts to provide a level of protection that might be based upon compassion, ageism continues to lead to disempowerment of seniors in this nation. † The question becomes, what are the risks we are creating for seniors by discriminating against them because of their age? Poor health, reduction or loss of financial security, and social isolation are three major risks created by ageist beliefs (Taormina-Weiss, 2012). Many seniors have lived a long and productive life, and the need to make a contribution is important to them. By looking at them with these negative stereotypes and discriminating against them simply because of their age, the risk factors above can have severe consequences. Taormina-Weiss goes on to say that these risk factors can contribute to a lower quality of life, lower self-esteem, and ultimately a shorter life span. Combating Ageism Education Outsourced. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits age discrimination in the workplace for employees or potential employees 40 years of age or older. (Farrell, 2011). Assistance, such as Professional Employer Organizations (PEO), is available to employers to assist with understanding and compliance of the law. According to PEO Spectrum, one benefit of a PEO is that they co-employ with a client accepting half the risk of managing an organizations employees. Just as important, is the fact that PEOs provide training to supervisors and managers to not only improve employee communication and relations, but also to keep leaders up to date on applicable laws pertaining to age discrimination (Farrell, 2011). Other areas that PEOs offer training in is proper interviewing techniques, managing through a layoff, discrimination, and harassment (Farrell, 2011). Organizations should have liability protection insurance for a worst-case scenario such as a wrongful termination. The issue here is that liability insurance can be expensive. According to Farrell, most PEOs offer their clients coverage, but the cost can be as much as $5000 a year for a company with only 10 to 20 employees. However, with the proper training and education, such as that provided by PEOs, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of facing such a lawsuit. In-house. In a study conducted by several faculty members and students at Nova Southeastern University on the subject of Ageism, the authors recommended the TEAM approach in order to build diverse high-performing teams. The TEAM approach stands for team composition, education and training, awareness, accountability, and accommodation, and mentoring (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). Team composition is the first and most important step. When building the team, you should ensure to include employees across all age groups. Education and training are also vital to your employees. Diversity training has become very important along with opportunities for older adults to receive training to keep technical skills current. Research shows that the 2008 U. S. Presidential election was notable for many things, mainly the difference in how each candidate reached their constituents; one used email and text messaging, while the other did not (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). Organizations need to be aware of discrimination laws and ensure that all employees are aware of the requirements to be in compliance with said laws. The Human Resource department of an organization must be responsible for developing strategies to ensure that all employees, especially the Baby-Boomer generation, are given the same opportunities for performance and promotion (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). The final peace of the TEAM concept is mentoring. Mentoring can be a two-way street in any organization. Not only do the older adults have an opportunity to mentor and train the next generation of employees, but the younger employees have an opportunity to mentor and train older adults to keep them current on new technologies and techniques. Mentoring Management. There are many opportunities for mentoring members of an organization’s management team. Many professional services are offered as well as opportunities from within an organization to use firsthand experience and knowledge. As discussed in the previous section, mentoring can and should occur in both directions. Knowledge should be gained from those adult co-workers who have been with an organization or industry for multiple years and have unique ideas and insights. Conversely, the younger generation of leader may bring a fresh set of ideas and beliefs that could make the organization more efficient. Two key areas of opportunity for mentoring managers is the use of Senior Mentors and Peer to Peer mentoring. Senior Mentors. Our own U. S. military is a good example of using Senior Mentors to assist individuals in upper leadership positions. These mentors help conduct exercises and offer advice to their still-active colleagues (Vanden Brook, Dilanian Locker, 2009). The majority of these retired leaders has experienced what our new leaders are about to experience and can offer valuable advice on how to handle certain situations and what steps to take in certain scenarios. While I could not find statistical data to show that the program has been effective in the military arena, I have no doubt that having the insight of someone who has held the same position previously is nothing short of valuable. Many of the same principles applied in military circles can be applied in the business sector as well. Retired military leaders know all too well the issues of discrimination, no matter what form, and can help guide the next generation of leader in avoiding these pitfalls. In the military, we sometimes find Ageism pointed in the direction of the younger generation because of a lack of experience. This scenario is where Senior Mentors can advise leaders to listen to their younger leaders and avoid the appearance of prejudice against them simply because of their age. Peers. According to Judith Germain, peer to peer mentoring occurs when the mentor is not in a position of authority over the mentee. Peer to peer mentoring can be very valuable in a group setting because mentors are able to pass on knowledge based on life experience and professional experience gained in the business arena (Germain, 2011). Too often we think of a peer as someone similar in age, but in the business world it relates directly to job title. Putting peers together from different age groups to exchange information and ideas goes a long way in helping them understand each other and eliminating any stereotypes about each other. Germain goes on to say that in this group setting with such a diverse group of leaders, the learning curve for the business owner is greatly reduced. In the long run, peer to peer mentoring offers a relaxed environment among managers of all experience levels to pass on valuable life experience and information. Employees. Mentors use their leadership to advise and nurture their employees either voluntarily or involuntarily (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). As discussed earlier, managers and leaders need mentoring before they can mentor their employees. The information held by the leaders of an organization must be transferred to the next generation in order to assure continuity of key organizational functions (Gibson, Jones, Cella, Clark, Epstein Haselberger, 2010). When related to Ageism, managers must mentor their younger employees/supervisors concerning discrimination laws so that any issues with age discrimination may be avoided. Communication should be imperative in the mentoring process. With the proper mentoring program in place, valuable knowledge can be transferred, new and valuable friendships can be formed, and unnecessary litigation can be avoided. Conclusion Ageism is a rapidly growing form of discrimination. As we have learned, many Baby-Boomers today are experiencing or already experiencing this form of discrimination. Ageism is not limited to the Baby-Boomer generation, however, as many younger generations are experiencing this prejudice as well. Many factors have been discussed here including health related issues, social issues, and financial issues that arise out of this act of prejudice. These factors have a negative impact on employees of all ages and can have a significant negative impact on an organization if steps are not taken to correct any form of age discrimination. The good news for any organization is that there are ways to combat this growing problem. Organizational management should conduct an audit of policies and procedures to determine if they have allowed for any opportunities for this form of discrimination to occur. If so, they must take the necessary steps to correct the issue. Management should take advantage of every opportunity to educate their staff from top to bottom on applicable state and federal laws as well as internal policies and procedures related to any form of discrimination. Finally, it is recommended that management create and support a company mentoring plan. This plan should use outside resources, such as Senior Mentors, as well as current employees of the organization. With the proper policies, procedures, education, and mentoring programs in place, an organization can avoid any potential pitfalls of Ageism or other forms of discrimination.

Bastard Out of Carolina Essay -- essays research papers

One of the most complex and elaborate characters in Bastard Out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison is Bone. Throughout the story Bone has to live a life where she thinks that she is the leading mystery of the trouble being caused. She has numerous unhappy situations and is in no way self-satisfied with herself. She doesn’t appreciate who she is physically. She constantly thinks she is the most homely and dull person who causes the most inconvenience in the family. This sense of selflessness is mainly due to the physical and sexual abuse brought upon by Daddy Glen, Bone’s stepfather. Unfortunately, the assaults were stretched out over a long period of time, leaving little chance for Bone to recover as an adult if any at all. I decided to take a more scientific approach to discussing Bone’s future as an adult. The most common disorders I feel Bone is likely to face are posttraumatic stress, cognitive distortions, emotional pain, and avoidance, an impaired sense of sel f and interpersonal difficulties. After finishing some research I concluded that Bone would most likely be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. It entails enduring certain psychological symptoms that occur in reaction to a highly distressing, psychically disruptive event. A diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires the occurrence of a traumatic event, as well as frequent experiencing of the event through nightmares or intrusive thoughts, a numbing of general responsiveness to, or avoidance of, current events, and persistent symptoms of increased arousal, such as jumpiness, sleep disturbance, or poor concentration. All of these occurrences are a result from the sexual abuse Bone was forced to tolerate from Glen. Triggers of flashbacks include sexual stimuli or interactions, abusive behavior by other adults, disclosure of one's abuse experiences to others, and reading or seeing sexual or violent media depictions, all of which would more than likely be experienced throughout Bone’s adult life. Unfortunately all of these experiences are apart of life and in most cases can’t be avoided. Bone is obviously going to be exposed to such things, which could induce flashbacks. Without question Bone would suffer from cognitive distortions. As a result from the traumatic events throughout her life with Glen her assumptions and self-perceptions typically reflect an overestimation of the a... ...ren attempt suicide each year because they can‘t bear being abused any longer. Fortunately, Bone hasn’t reached that point yet. Depending on the circumstances ahead in the future, I see suicide as a last resort.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important to appreciate that these issues are very complex, and to be familiar with how abuse and neglect can affect various aspects of a person's life. Child abuse does not affect every person the same. The extremity of the abuse and different situations determine the effect. Some people could live on to become great people and do great things. They don’t look at the abuse as something negative but rather as something that made them strong and made them believe that they were better and could do better than the situation that they were in. Dealing with abuse after it is over is the toughest thing to handle, most people that could afford therapy go to it, but since most people can‘t afford it they try to deal with it the best they can. Although in most cases the child is removed from the home that the abuse is happening in, sometimes child abuse can slip by unnoticed and that can have severe consequences on the child as well as others.

Theory Paper

The social integration theory takes a look in to how relationships go from very basic and shallow to intimate strong relationships. I can relate to this theory in both my personal and professional life. In my current relationship with my wife we were at a point where our relationship was very shallow and TLD really mean anything. We hung out with each other and had fun with other but nothing was serious about It at all. As time went on and we learned more about each other we also grew to Like each other and wanted to spend more time with each other.The relationship was leaving he basic shallow phase to a more intimate phase. We began to spend time with each other exclusively without the company of others. This allowed out relationship to grow even deeper and more intimate. As we began to see each other exclusively we started to see our relationship grow and decided to make it official by getting married after three years of dating each other. I feel this theory played out well in my relationship with my wife and if very close of the description of the theory.In all relationships there is always room from improvement whether it is small improvements or large Improvements. There are ways In which I and in some cases where my wife feel as If some portions of the relationship moved forward without full use of the social penetration theory. The relationship continued to move towards Intimate levels without the really getting to know each other any better and some things we should have known about each other before marriage. In the future I will continue to get to know my wife the best way I know how to as we grow in our relationship together.On the other side I started a job with a company and had no intentions of staying with the company because it wasn't providing anything I needs as far as my goals for my career. As I worked the Job and continued to look for employment that was closer to my career goals. I purposely chose not to get to know my coworkers and did j ust the minimum of work Just to get by until I could find something better. As time went on I began to get to know my coworkers a little better and found out that they had interesting thing to say and I was able to learn a lot from them.A lot of my co workers are Hispanic and I am able to learn a lot about the efferent cultures and ways of life. I also have learned that the Job does have benefits that It can offer me by offering me bonuses based on our performance on the job that is relatively easy. Know I have a good relationship with my co workers The relationship with my Job could have been more effective is I would have went in to the Job with the intentions if doing my best and I would have been able to reap the benefits of the bonus early on and probably would have earned a higher position a lot earlier.I also would have gone in to the Job with a better attitude towards getting to know my coworkers. This could have built better relationships with my coworkers and could have me t some really good friends. The social penetration theory is very alive in my personal and professional life. With the Communication Privacy Management theory, it focuses on when and how people choose to reveal personal and private information about themselves to others. This theory is one that a of people use in their daily lives when meeting new people.I also use this theory as well when inviting someone new into my life or with someone I may already know deciding whether to trust them with additional information about myself. Whenever we meet someone new we may either be eager to get to know them or sometimes may be a little cautious about the person and want to take things slow and build up trust towards them. When we are eager to get to know someone we may reveal more about ourselves a lot quicker than we would in a normal situation.When we are more cautious we want to reveal as little about ourselves as possible in an effort to protect ourselves from someone we do not know. Th is is more common among people who may have been hurt or scared by someone they revealed information to too quickly. As we get to know the person more and more we tend to let them closer and trust them a little more which can result in offering them more information about ourselves. There are situations where we offer information to people we may not want to or people we do not know.This is often done when being questions for something such as a Job or by police. But for the most part people hold back their personal information until they feel more conformable offering it up to others. This theory also can relate to my currently employer as well. As mentioned with the revises theory I started this Job Just as filler and had no intentions of staying there because it didn't meet my career goals. I planned on keeping this information to myself and when I found a Job to meet my needs I would Just quit and start the new job with a career in mind.As I worked the Job more and more I was ab le to learn about other employees planning to leave the Job for another Job for several other reasons. At first I still didn't want to reveal my intentions to others because I didn't word spreading that I wanted to leave because the Job didn't have a lot of employees ND would be a process to replace me. I also was worried about them knowing and getting the process started in replacing me and get fired from the Job before I can find another. One day I was having a bad day because of a disagreement with my wife before work.When I went in to work I had a one on one with my manager who I began to feel more and more comfortable with. In this one on one she asked me what my plans were as far as growing with the company. I revealed to her that I had no plans and I was actually currently looking for employment with other companies that were more closely related to my career goals. I could have done this better by introducing the information about my desire to find employment with a company that was more catered to my career goals and possibly see if there is a position that he current company offers to allow me to grow to the position.Organizational Culture companies that hire new people they introduce them to the culture of the company in an effort to show them how things are done and who is important to the company and why. Companies also would like to show them how and why they do things within the company. All of this is true for the company I currently work for. Most line level employees can agree that they are told they are the most important people in the company and they are the meat and potatoes and are the ones that keep the company going.When these employees look at their paychecks they do not see how they are so important. Companies tend to use motivational talk to encourage employees to do their best rather than increase pay. They feel that if they make them feel important then they will try their best and be on board with the company core values and cult ure. In reality people who hold these positions have a completely efferent view as to how to feel important.At my current Job the same story I told to us stating that we are the most important people in the company but we are the lowest paid and most worked with greater expectations. In this situation a lot of employees feel used and feel as if they are being taken advantage of because they are told one thing but in reality thing are different. This creates a culture of employees that do not feel the same as the companies think they do or would like them to feel. This creates a culture inside of the culture that the company created which is in a way a culture of the employees.This is evident with a lot of companies now that have employees demanding better pay for the work that they do working for companies that may billions of dollars in months but pay their employees minimum wages. With all companies there will always be cultures inside of the company culture whether it is from val ues to religion or race; there will always be something to create smaller groups of people with similar goals, views, and values. In conclusion, the theories of communication offer us a deeper looking to the inner workings of immunization.With the inside look in to communication we have a better opportunities to communicate with those in our personal lives as well as with those in our professional lives. In all that can make us at all around better person to those we have relationships with as they grow and become more intimate relationships whether it is romantic or platonic. We also learn how we can choose to communicate certain nothings and choose when the best time is and place to do so bases on our feelings. Finally we can see how communication can affect organizations and cultures. Theory Paper The social integration theory takes a look in to how relationships go from very basic and shallow to intimate strong relationships. I can relate to this theory in both my personal and professional life. In my current relationship with my wife we were at a point where our relationship was very shallow and TLD really mean anything. We hung out with each other and had fun with other but nothing was serious about It at all. As time went on and we learned more about each other we also grew to Like each other and wanted to spend more time with each other.The relationship was leaving he basic shallow phase to a more intimate phase. We began to spend time with each other exclusively without the company of others. This allowed out relationship to grow even deeper and more intimate. As we began to see each other exclusively we started to see our relationship grow and decided to make it official by getting married after three years of dating each other. I feel this theory played out well in my relationship with my wife and if very close of the description of the theory.In all relationships there is always room from improvement whether it is small improvements or large Improvements. There are ways In which I and in some cases where my wife feel as If some portions of the relationship moved forward without full use of the social penetration theory. The relationship continued to move towards Intimate levels without the really getting to know each other any better and some things we should have known about each other before marriage. In the future I will continue to get to know my wife the best way I know how to as we grow in our relationship together.On the other side I started a job with a company and had no intentions of staying with the company because it wasn't providing anything I needs as far as my goals for my career. As I worked the Job and continued to look for employment that was closer to my career goals. I purposely chose not to get to know my coworkers and did j ust the minimum of work Just to get by until I could find something better. As time went on I began to get to know my coworkers a little better and found out that they had interesting thing to say and I was able to learn a lot from them.A lot of my co workers are Hispanic and I am able to learn a lot about the efferent cultures and ways of life. I also have learned that the Job does have benefits that It can offer me by offering me bonuses based on our performance on the job that is relatively easy. Know I have a good relationship with my co workers The relationship with my Job could have been more effective is I would have went in to the Job with the intentions if doing my best and I would have been able to reap the benefits of the bonus early on and probably would have earned a higher position a lot earlier.I also would have gone in to the Job with a better attitude towards getting to know my coworkers. This could have built better relationships with my coworkers and could have me t some really good friends. The social penetration theory is very alive in my personal and professional life. With the Communication Privacy Management theory, it focuses on when and how people choose to reveal personal and private information about themselves to others. This theory is one that a of people use in their daily lives when meeting new people.I also use this theory as well when inviting someone new into my life or with someone I may already know deciding whether to trust them with additional information about myself. Whenever we meet someone new we may either be eager to get to know them or sometimes may be a little cautious about the person and want to take things slow and build up trust towards them. When we are eager to get to know someone we may reveal more about ourselves a lot quicker than we would in a normal situation.When we are more cautious we want to reveal as little about ourselves as possible in an effort to protect ourselves from someone we do not know. Th is is more common among people who may have been hurt or scared by someone they revealed information to too quickly. As we get to know the person more and more we tend to let them closer and trust them a little more which can result in offering them more information about ourselves. There are situations where we offer information to people we may not want to or people we do not know.This is often done when being questions for something such as a Job or by police. But for the most part people hold back their personal information until they feel more conformable offering it up to others. This theory also can relate to my currently employer as well. As mentioned with the revises theory I started this Job Just as filler and had no intentions of staying there because it didn't meet my career goals. I planned on keeping this information to myself and when I found a Job to meet my needs I would Just quit and start the new job with a career in mind.As I worked the Job more and more I was ab le to learn about other employees planning to leave the Job for another Job for several other reasons. At first I still didn't want to reveal my intentions to others because I didn't word spreading that I wanted to leave because the Job didn't have a lot of employees ND would be a process to replace me. I also was worried about them knowing and getting the process started in replacing me and get fired from the Job before I can find another. One day I was having a bad day because of a disagreement with my wife before work.When I went in to work I had a one on one with my manager who I began to feel more and more comfortable with. In this one on one she asked me what my plans were as far as growing with the company. I revealed to her that I had no plans and I was actually currently looking for employment with other companies that were more closely related to my career goals. I could have done this better by introducing the information about my desire to find employment with a company that was more catered to my career goals and possibly see if there is a position that he current company offers to allow me to grow to the position.Organizational Culture companies that hire new people they introduce them to the culture of the company in an effort to show them how things are done and who is important to the company and why. Companies also would like to show them how and why they do things within the company. All of this is true for the company I currently work for. Most line level employees can agree that they are told they are the most important people in the company and they are the meat and potatoes and are the ones that keep the company going.When these employees look at their paychecks they do not see how they are so important. Companies tend to use motivational talk to encourage employees to do their best rather than increase pay. They feel that if they make them feel important then they will try their best and be on board with the company core values and cult ure. In reality people who hold these positions have a completely efferent view as to how to feel important.At my current Job the same story I told to us stating that we are the most important people in the company but we are the lowest paid and most worked with greater expectations. In this situation a lot of employees feel used and feel as if they are being taken advantage of because they are told one thing but in reality thing are different. This creates a culture of employees that do not feel the same as the companies think they do or would like them to feel. This creates a culture inside of the culture that the company created which is in a way a culture of the employees.This is evident with a lot of companies now that have employees demanding better pay for the work that they do working for companies that may billions of dollars in months but pay their employees minimum wages. With all companies there will always be cultures inside of the company culture whether it is from val ues to religion or race; there will always be something to create smaller groups of people with similar goals, views, and values. In conclusion, the theories of communication offer us a deeper looking to the inner workings of immunization.With the inside look in to communication we have a better opportunities to communicate with those in our personal lives as well as with those in our professional lives. In all that can make us at all around better person to those we have relationships with as they grow and become more intimate relationships whether it is romantic or platonic. We also learn how we can choose to communicate certain nothings and choose when the best time is and place to do so bases on our feelings. Finally we can see how communication can affect organizations and cultures.

Active and Passive Verb Form

Active / Passive Verb Forms Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have â€Å"active forms† and â€Å"passive forms. † You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English. Active Form In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. Basic form: [Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action] Examples: – The professor teaches the students – Jonh washes the dishes. Passive FormIn passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action. Basic form [Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action] |Active |Passive | |Simple Present |Once a week, Tom cleans the house. |Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom. | |Present Continuous |Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. |Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah. | |Simple Past |Sam repaired the car. |The car was repaired by Sam. |Past Continuous |The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the |The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the | | |store. |store. | |Present Perfect |Many tourists have visited that castle. |That castle has been visited by many tourists. | |Present Perfect Continuous |Recently, John has been doing the work. |Recently, the work has been being done by John. |Past Perfect |George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's |Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's | | |license. |license. | |Past Perfect Continuo us |Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for |The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for | | |two years before he moved to Paris. two years before he moved to Paris. | |Simple Future |Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM. |The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. | |will | | | |Simple Future |Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. | |be going to | | | |Future Continuous |At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes. |At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. |will | | | |Future Continuous |At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. |At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. |be going to | | | |Future Perfect |They will have completed the project before the deadline. |The project will have been completed before the deadline. |be going to | | | |Future Perfect Continuous |They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. |The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. |will | | | |Future Perfect Continuous |The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six |The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six | |be going to |months by the time it is finished. months by the time it is finished. | |Used to |Jerry used to pay the bills. |The bills used to be paid by Jerry. | |Would Always |My mother would always make the pies. |The pies would always be made by my mother. | |Future in the Past |I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. |I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM. |Would | | | |Future in the Past |I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. |I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight. | |Was Going to | | |

Womens rights movement

Womens rights movement Free Online Research Papers During the civil war, the order on the totem pole of society went as follows: men (of course), animals on the farm, slaves, then women. Women had no say in anything. They simply cleaned, cooked, and the other end of it needs no mention. As wives, they owned nothing. Their husbands were legally able to hit them to ensure their â€Å"obedience†. If they spoke in public, they were denounced in their church for â€Å"promiscuous activity.† They also received little or no education. Most poor young girls learned domestic chores from their mothers, while wealthier school age females did receive basic schooling. Education can lead to the questioning of basic societal values and that could be dangerous for a woman. Keep in mind that during this time, attacking core attitudes regarding the family, the church, and the law was no small thing. To some extent, the same holds true today. It remained that way for quite some time until a few influential females decided to change things. Women began to speak out in the late 1840’s. (Albee Monsell) The first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. They went to Seneca Falls because of the strong reform community that emerged from western New York in the 1830’s and 1840’s. A two day convention was held from July 19-20 and was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They decided something needed to be done when they were denied seating at a World Anti-Slavery Convention they had attended in England. At Seneca Falls a declaration of Sentiments and Resolution was debated and signed by 68 women and 32 men. The agenda was also set for the women’s rights movement. They believed that if they gained the right to vote, they could gain rights to many other things. Critics for newspapers had said it was foolish and they were jeopardizing their reputations as wives, belles, virgins and mothers for something as trivial as equal rights. Susan B. Anthony did not initially attend, but attended the proceedings upon learnin g of them. (â€Å"The Path of the Women’s Rights Movement.†) Susan B. Anthony had attended the New York state temperance convention and had attempted to speak but was told â€Å"the ladies have been invited to listen and to learn and not to speak.† She immediately formed a female temperance society. Susan met Elizabeth Cady Stanton at an anti- slavery meeting in Seneca Falls, beginning their historic friendship. Susan was the tactical genius and organizer of the movement. Elizabeth was the thinker and the writer. She worked in every aspect of women’s rights such as divorce reform, birth control, and challenging religious assumptions opposing women’s legal rights all while managing a house of seven children. (Albee Monsell) African-American males gained the right to vote in the 15th amendment, but still nothing was done for females. During the next couple of years, nearly 150 women attempted to vote in about a dozen different jurisdictions across the country. While largely unsuccessful, their efforts still gave them a lot of leverage. Two national organizations were formed in 1869 to work for the right to vote, the National Woman Suffrage (led mostly by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony) and the American Women Suffrage Association. Susan B. Anthony and a few other women attempted to vote in the presidential election of 1872 in Rochester, New York. She was arrested and fined for voting illegally. . (â€Å"The Path of the Women’s Rights Movement.†) A few questions went unanswered, such as â€Å"why?† Many will argue it was solely the era and the power men had at the time. I have read otherwise. Capitalism had much to do with it. The big industries in the north were the last to support the women’s rights movement, mainly because the movement had been recognized with labor reform from the start. At the time, women were cheap labor supply. Gaining the right to vote could have worked against that. . (Albee Monsell) Next in line to want to prevent women from voting was no other then the southern states. They openly noted the similarities between the African-American and feminist struggles, practically parading their racism. They figured that it was bad enough that African- American males were granted their right to vote. They might as well raise the white flag of surrender if women were allowed to vote as well. (â€Å"The Path of the Women’s Rights Movement.†) One block of opposition that did not surprise me was our own government. They knew how easily they could control male voters through bribery and association. Women were out to change things. They were not into the bribery behind it all. They were out to change child labor laws and worst of all in the government’s eyes, clean up politics. The presidents were of no help during any of it. The only attention paid was by William Howard Taft and he advised they collect more signatures on their petitions. Theodore Roosevelt did not include them in his campaign for the 1912 election, nor did Woodrow Wilson in his 1916 campaign. (Albee Monsell) The church and family also voiced a strong opposition. Judeo-Christianity emphasized the inferiority of women and also pointed to Genesis for a female’s special role and her mission to be fruitful and multiply, and, after Eden, to be submissive towards man. During this time, the family structure consisted of the wife bearing children and performing domestic chores. The wife was also very submissive toward her husband, creating a threat to the sexual double standard by means of change. Men being men, they were relatively upset by the whole series of events. . (â€Å"The Path of the Women’s Rights Movement.†) Another question was â€Å"why did the first round of the women’s rights movement fail?† Essentially, it did not, depending on how you view it. Many say it was delayed for â€Å"more important issues† and other will argue those who began in the late 1800’s failed and the ones of the early 1920’s succeeded. Though I do not believe they failed by any means, it was halted for some time for the civil rights movement and women trying to prove their patriotism by helping with war efforts during World War I. (Albee Monsell) American was not the only country to experience discrimination towards women. Until the 20th century, many western European countries held the same laws we did, especially in England. They did not allow equal pay until the 1960’s. Nor were they recognized as land owners even through marriage. New Zealand was the first country to allow women to vote. (â€Å"The Path of the Women’s Rights Movement.†) The battle slowly but surely began to turn in favor of the women. In 1850, Quaker physicians established the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, allowing women to enhance their knowledge in the field of medicine. In 1855, the University of Iowa became the first state school to admit women. For the first time in the history of jurisprudence, women served on juries in the Wyoming territory in 1870. Also in 1870, the 15th amendment attains final ratification so that women are not specifically excluded from the vote. Congress then passed a law in 1872 to give women federal employees’ equal pay for equal work. . (Albee Monsell) It took more conventions, speeches, and protests before any change in congress came about. In 1878, the Susan B. Anthony Amendment was first introduced to the U.S. congress. The first and only time in the 1800’s congress voted on women’s suffrage was in 1887 and the measure lost 34-16 with 25 members not voting. Finally in 1919, the House of Representatives passed the women’s suffrage amendment, winning by only two votes. The women fought for this for 70 years. These efforts were not paid for by rich and powerful men. The money for all of this progress came from the nickels and dimes of housewives and laundresses. Sadly enough, neither Susan B. Anthony nor Elizabeth Cady Stanton lived to see women gain the right to vote, despite the 50 years they put in to try and gain it. For the first time ever, an equal number of women and men voted in 1957. All was not won yet. In 1968 Pennsylvania was one of the few states to void a law which stated any female convicted of a felony must receive the maximum penalty. (Albee Monsell) What I find interesting about this movement, along with many other movements, is how little we are informed of what really occurred. As children, we are taught that a few women sat around and protested and voila! thanks to them we can vote. This, along with the civil rights movement, has been far too long kept under â€Å"mum’s word†. They both expose white male power in all its hypocrisy and greed. The hundreds of campaigns the early women’s movement had to endure, the many losses, the years of tireless effort, only to win by the skin on their teeth, left many of these pioneers discouraged. I find it rather appalling when women today choose not to vote, essentially ignoring the sacrifices made by women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. What those women went through so we could voice our opinion through our vote should be celebrated every election, whether it is held to elect the dog- catcher or the President. Enough women do not take advantage of the fact that we can vote. . (Albee Monsell) The women’s rights movement occurred during a time of realism. Realism was more or less an opposing reaction towards romanticism. It showed a large interest in scientific method as well as philosophy. Realists William Harmon and Hugh Holman once said â€Å"where romanticists transcend the immediate to find the ideal, and naturalists plumb the actual or superficial to find the scientific laws that control its actions, realists center their attention to a remarkable degree on the immediate, the here and now, the specific action and the verifiable consequence.† The best example I could find of this would be â€Å"Barren Ground† by Ellen Glasgow. It tells the story of a young girl who lived in southern Virginia. She begins to notice the change in the south as she struggles to find herself. This makes the connection with realism in that it parallels what is going on in her life .It could be reality and is in fact closely related to Ellen Glasgow’s life. Other r ealist writers include Mark Twain, William Dean Howells (he believed â€Å"realism is nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.†), Rebecca Harding Davis, and Henry James. Twain and James were critically acclaimed for their works while Howells was not popular. Over the 70 years it took women to gain voting rights, women grew as a country and as a gender. Many still feel the suffragettes opened a can of worms and others feel they did an amazing thing. The fight they put up was unprecedented and will forever be remembered despite the lack of knowledge of what really went on. To see them start at having barely twenty people at Seneca Falls to having an entire country of women ban together and win over congress by two votes is an amazing thing no matter how long it took. With the obstacles they faced, along with the strong male-dominated moral beliefs of this country, I’m surprised it did not take longer. They faced their churches, their own families, the government, and an entire nation against them. I do feel that women gaining the right to vote opened a gate of opportunities for women. Not only is there now the possibility of a female U.S. president but Germany recently elected a female chancellor. This was not even thought to be pos sible 20 years ago. These early women were heroes regardless of whether a woman today takes advantage of the right to vote or receives equal pay for the same work done by her male counterpart. She can thank these women. Research Papers on Womens rights movement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaThe Fifth HorsemanPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part One

a prayer for owen meany essays

a prayer for owen meany essays A Prayer for Owen Meany, written by John Irving in 1989, is a novel that delves into many sensitive areas of American culture. Among the most prevalent of these are religion, anti-war, and anti-Americanism. This novel raises many questions about America and its values and, in most cases, shows America as the enemy of its own people. The story takes place in a small New Hampshire town before and during the Vietnam War. Johnny Wheelwright, a Canadian immigrant, in retrospect, narrates the novel. Johnny befriends a boy named Owen Meany who among many other oddities is a tiny boy with a shrill voice. Owen is responsible, by means of a fluke foul ball, for the death of Johnnys mother. Owens parents, who are not very stable or supporting, give Owen the impression that he was a miraculous virgin birth and thus the tool of God. When the boys school decided to perform A Christmas Carol for the school play, Owen is cast (more appropriately, casts himself) as the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come. While acting his part Owen faints on stage. Upon waking, Owen claims to have seen his name and date of his death on the prop tombstone. The two boys then go on to attend a private prep school together. It is here that Owen insists that Johnny help him with the shot. This is where Johnny lifts Owen up as he runs towards t he basketball hoop to complete a slam-dunk. As the two grow older they both attend college and Owen enrolls in the ROTC program. He does so because he believes that God had called him to fight in Vietnam and die saving a group of Vietnamese school children. Owen also believes that Johnny has no place fighting in Vietnam and decides to help keep him out of the senseless war. To do so, Owen devises a plan to cut of Johnnys trigger finger, thus making him ineligible for the draft. While at the airport in Arizona (where Owen was stationed) the two come upon some nuns caring for a group of ...

Overrides in VB.NET - Using VB.NET Series

Overrides in VB.NET - Using VB.NET Series This is one of a mini-series that covers the differences in Overloads, Shadows, and Overrides in VB.NET. This article covers Overrides. The articles that cover the others are here: - Overloads- Shadows These techniques can be hugely confusing; there are a lot of combinations of these keywords and the underlying inheritance options. Microsofts own documentation doesnt begin to do the topic justice and there is a lot of bad, or out of date information on the web. The best advice to be sure that your program is coded correctly is, Test, test, and test again. In this series, well look at them one at a time with emphasis on the differences. Overrides The thing that Shadows, Overloads, and Overrides all have in common is that they reuse the name of elements while changing what happens. Shadows and Overloads can operate both within the same class or when a class inherits another class. Overrides, however, can only be used in a derived class (sometimes called a child class) that inherits from a base class (sometimes called a parent class). And Overrides is the hammer; it lets you entirely replace a method (or a property) from a base class. In the article about classes and the Shadows keyword (See: Shadows in VB.NET), a function was added to show that an inherited procedure could be referenced. Public Class ProfessionalContact ... code not shown ... Public Function HashTheName( ByVal nm As String) As String Return nm.GetHashCode End Function End Class The code that instantiates a class derived from this one (CodedProfessionalContact in the example) can call this method because its inherited. In the example, I used the VB.NET GetHashCode method to keep the code simple and this returned a fairly useless result, the value -520086483. Suppose I wanted a different result returned instead but, - I cant change the base class. (Maybe all I have is compiled code from a vendor.) ... and ... - I cant change the calling code (Maybe there are a thousand copies and I cant update them.) If I can update the derived class, then I can change the result returned. (For example, the code could be part of an updatable DLL.) There is one problem. Because its so comprehensive and powerful, you have to have permission from the base class to use Overrides. But well-designed code libraries provide it. (Your code libraries are all well designed, right?) For example, the Microsoft provided function we just used is overridable. Heres an example of the syntax. Public Overridable Function GetHashCode As Integer So that keyword has to be present in our example base class as well. Public Overridable Function HashTheName( ByVal nm As String) As String Overriding the method is now as simple as providing a new one with the Overrides keyword. Visual Studio again gives you a running start by filling in the code for you with AutoComplete. When you enter ... Public Overrides Function HashTheName( Visual Studio adds the rest of the code automatically as soon as you type the opening parenthesis, including the return statement which only calls the original function from the base class. (If youre just adding something, this is usually a good thing to do after your new code executes anyway.) Public Overrides Function HashTheName( nm As String) As String Return MyBase.HashTheName(nm) End Function In this case, however, Im going to replace the method with something else equally useless just to illustrate how its done: The VB.NET function that will reverse the string. Public Overrides Function HashTheName( nm As String) As String Return Microsoft.VisualBasic.StrReverse(nm) End Function Now the calling code gets an entirely different result. (Compare with the result in the article about Shadows.) ContactID: 246 BusinessName: Villain Defeaters, GmbH Hash of the BusinessName: HbmG ,sretaefeD nialliV You can override properties too. Suppose you decided that ContactID values greater than 123 would not be allowed and should default to 111. You can just override the property and change it when the property is saved: Private _ContactID As Integer Public Overrides Property ContactID As Integer Get Return _ContactID End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) If value 123 Then _ContactID 111 Else _ContactID value End If End Set End Property Then you get this result when a larger value is passed: ContactID: 111 BusinessName: Damsel Rescuers, LTD By the way, in the example code so far, integer values are doubled in the New subroutine (See the article on Shadows), so an integer of 123 is changed to 246 and then changed again to 111. VB.NET gives you, even more, control by allowing a base class to specifically require or deny a derived class to override using the MustOverride and NotOverridable keywords in the base class. But both of these are used in fairly specific cases. First, NotOverridable. Since the default for a public class is NotOverridable, why should you ever need to specify it? If you try it on the HashTheName function in the base class, you get a syntax error, but the text of the error message gives you a clue: NotOverridable cannot be specified for methods that do not override another method. The default for an overridden method is just the opposite: Overrideable. So if you want overriding to definitely stop there, you have to specify NotOverridable on that method. In our example code: Public NotOverridable Overrides Function HashTheName( ... Then if the class CodedProfessionalContact is, in turn, inherited ... Public Class NotOverridableEx Inherits CodedProfessionalContact ... the function HashTheName cannot be overriden in that class. An element that cannot be overridden is sometimes called a sealed element. A fundamental part of the .NET Foundation is to require that the purpose of every class is explicitly defined to remove all uncertainty. A problem in previous OOP languages has been called â€Å"the fragile base class.† This happens when a base class adds a new method with the same name as a method name in a subclass that inherits from a base class. The programmer writing the subclass didnt plan on overriding the base class, but this is exactly what happens anyway. This has been known to result in the cry of the wounded programmer, I didnt change anything, but my program crashed anyway. If there is a possibility that a class will be updated in the future and create this problem, declare it as NotOverridable. MustOverride is most often used in what is called an Abstract Class. (In C#, the same thing uses the keyword Abstract!) This is a class that just provides a template and youre expected to fill it with your own code. Microsoft provides this example of one: Public MustInherit Class WashingMachine Sub New() Code to instantiate the class goes here. End sub Public MustOverride Sub Wash Public MustOverride Sub Rinse (loadSize as Integer) Public MustOverride Function Spin (speed as Integer) as Long End Class To continue Microsofts example, washing machines will do these things (Wash, Rinse and Spin) quite differently, so theres no advantage of defining the function in the base class. But there is an advantage in making sure that any class that inherits this one does define them. The solution: an abstract class. If you need even more explanation about the differences between Overloads and Overrides, a completely different example is developed in a Quick Tip: Overloads Versus Overrides VB.NET gives you even more control by allowing a base class to specifically require or deny a derived class to override using the MustOverride and NotOverridable keywords in the base class. But both of these are used in fairly specific cases. First, NotOverridable. Since the default for a public class is NotOverridable, why should you ever need to specify it? If you try it on the HashTheName function in the base class, you get a syntax error, but the text of the error message gives you a clue: NotOverridable cannot be specified for methods that do not override another method. The default for an overridden method is just the opposite: Overrideable. So if you want overriding to definitely stop there, you have to specify NotOverridable on that method. In our example code: Public NotOverridable Overrides Function HashTheName( ... Then if the class CodedProfessionalContact is, in turn, inherited ... Public Class NotOverridableEx Inherits CodedProfessionalContact ... the function HashTheName cannot be overriden in that class. An element that cannot be overridden is sometimes called a sealed element. A fundamental part of the .NET Foundation is to require that the purpose of every class is explicitly defined to remove all uncertainty. A problem in previous OOP languages has been called â€Å"the fragile base class.† This happens when a base class adds a new method with the same name as a method name in a subclass that inherits from a base class. The programmer writing the subclass didnt plan on overriding the base class, but this is exactly what happens anyway. This has been known to result in the cry of the wounded programmer, I didnt change anything, but my program crashed anyway. If there is a possibility that a class will be updated in the future and create this problem, declare it as NotOverridable. MustOverride is most often used in what is called an Abstract Class. (In C#, the same thing uses the keyword Abstract!) This is a class that just provides a template and youre expected to fill it with your own code. Microsoft provides this example of one: Public MustInherit Class WashingMachine Sub New() Code to instantiate the class goes here. End sub Public MustOverride Sub Wash Public MustOverride Sub Rinse (loadSize as Integer) Public MustOverride Function Spin (speed as Integer) as Long End Class To continue Microsofts example, washing machines will do these things (Wash, Rinse and Spin) quite differently, so theres no advantage of defining the function in the base class. But there is an advantage in making sure that any class that inherits this one does define them. The solution: an abstract class. If you need even more explanation about the differences between Overloads and Overrides, a completely different example is developed in a Quick Tip: Overloads Versus Overrides

Fiber optics technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fiber optics technology - Essay Example ITU-T G.651 and ITU-T G.652 (standard SMF) are the two compositional standards (Alwayn, 2004). Standards that relate to performance govern transmitters and receivers and include; Optical Transport Network the, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, etc. Other standards are developed for specific niches. For instance, fiber optics in satellite communication begs other standards to adhere to. The deposition of dopants can be done in three standard ways: inside, outside and axial vapor deposition (Held, 1999). Moreover, advances in the use fiber optic systems has created a demand for standards that enable interoperability between telephone companies and interexchange carriers. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) in Europe and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) in North America (Held, 1999) are data transportation vehicle capable of supporting data rates in gigabyte range. There is not just one way of implementing fiber optic technology. For instance, the most common way for this implementation is a high-speed fiber optic local area network (LAN). Before implementing this technology, a feasibility study is made. If a company needs to go into an area where there are no pre-existing cable networks then implementation is much easier. Fiber optic technology is very different from DSL services, therefore, implementing a new technology in a blank area is much easier. However, if there are copper wires installed for transmitting data then cost justifications, minimizing disruptions for the use of SML and the cost for connecting to NPS backbone LAN, need to be made (Ee, 2004). The demand for high-speed internet usually drives the service providers to move to a better technology. The greatest hurdle preventing the widespread implementation of fiber optics is its cost. Implementing new fiber optic network is a troublesome task especially when old infrastructures like DSL and cable are already serving the customers

Yuanlin-Wharton-essays1,2-0926-ec19970 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Yuanlin-Wharton-essays1,2-0926-ec19970 - Essay Example I started my career with the battery division of Sony as a sales officer. The times saw the battery division limping far behind the other departments of Sony in terms of sales and revenue. I analyzed the issue and addressed the problem by preaching the â€Å"Sony Team Spirit’ within the team which initiated cross-division collaboration. This resulted in the packaged sale of the battery along with other Sony products like T.V, Camera and Music Systems which within itself contributed 30 percent rise in the revenue of my division. My analytic skills brought me the opportunity to work as Asian market analyst at DSM. The market data model as well as the marketing and sales strategy-decision platform which existed was found be too much outdated to compete with the rising demands of the corporate world. I renovated the platform and established a team which monitored all aspects of business including market trends and hidden problems. The idea proved to be efficient as this strategic platform was widely applied in thirteen countries and contributed greatly to DSM’s global growth. Eventually DSM global headquarters included this system in its Corporate Vision 2010. In 2006, I took the position of Business Development manager at DSM. The price war was eating up the sustainable growth of the organization and its products. My strategy for this problem was to differentiate DSM as a customer oriented solution provider rather than a mere product supplier. My market analysis strategically led us to three emerging markets, giving us the advantage of an early-driver. I developed a business ecosystem in symbiosis with other organizations producing relative products. A united fleet of service providers was established resulting in more than twenty collaborative projects a year which generated sales revenue more than 1 million USD. As I grew in experience, I could envisage my prospect in helping the domestic Chinese companies to attain a global level. This thought eventually

Personal Data Privacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Data Privacy - Research Paper Example everyone do not follow an approach to provide personal information to any online organization. Nowadays, an online consumer finds a credible source of websites prior to processing online transactions. Consumers can only judge their credibility by security seals or their international presence around the globe. Unfortunately, no one knows that these organizations do, in order to protect customer data that is stored in their databases. For instance, if a security breach occurs in one of the databases of these organizations, millions of records related to customer personal information and most importantly, credit card numbers will be in control of cyber criminals and hackers. This concludes to a new term that is known as identity and data theft. This is the first major concern of data privacy. Secondly, there are issues where customers are not aware from the pros and cons of providing personal information online. They tend to provide information on unsecure social networking sites and v ague online businesses. As a result, they suffer the consequences. This paper will highlight local regulations concerning personal data privacy. ... 36% of consumers would not put personal information online, yet 11% of them have still been a victim of data theft. Only 5% of the UK public surveyed are not worried about data loss. As well as the security of financial data being a concern, 46% of all respondents are most concerned about protecting their medical records, and is highest amongst the 45+ ages 45-plus (52%). Data retrieved from (Lack of Consumer Trust in Data Security in the UK. 2007) After interviewing the people, most people blamed themselves, for making their personal information vulnerable and includes the rating of 60% people blamed retailers, 28% people blamed themselves as they consider that they have exposed their personal information themselves and it is their own fault. Moreover, 12% people blamed financial institutions i.e. banks (Survey Reveals Massive Incidence of Credit Card Fraud and Identity Theft; Retailers blamed for making people vulnerable to fraud. 2010). After reviewing these figures, there is also a requirement to create an awareness program for people who tends to provide personal information on the Internet. 3 Impact of Exposing Personal Data The requirement for securing personal data and privacy online is due to many reasons. The first reason incorporates not a single law of how to handle customer data. For instance, if an online company sells products and maintains databases including customer information, they can do whatever they want. Most probably, they can sell data in terms of cash. Every website has a link stated as ‘Website Privacy Policy’, but no one knows exactly, to what extent they are authentic. The practical approach to that privacy policy is a different story. The second most prominent reasons are hacking, viruses, Trojans, spywares,

Juvenile Justice System Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juvenile Justice System Process - Essay Example During the decision making stage, where the arresting officer is still trying to make contact with the parents or making transfer arrangements, federal regulations require that the juvenile being held at adult penitentiaries be kept away from adult inmates (Neubauer & Fradelia, 2009). The law also stipulates that they should be removed from the adult facilities within six hours of arrest. The third stage is the transfer of the case to the juvenile probation department. Here the intake officer will then make a decision whether to dismiss the case, handle it informally or he may propose a formal hearing. Most of the Juvenile cases about 50 percent of them are dismissed (Neubauer & Fradelia, 2009). The probation officer has to review all the facts about the case during this stage and determine whether there is sufficient information to try the youth. If there is adequate evidence the case may be heard informally or formally depending on the available facts otherwise the case is dropped. While awaiting trial the juvenile is required by law to be detained in a secure facility. A judge often decides if the juvenile should be detained before and during the course of the trial. The officer also explains the intent of the detention in a detention hearing that takes place within 24 hours of arrest (Martin, 2005). The fourth stage is either informal, formal hearing or disposition. An informal hearing will be granted by a judge if the juvenile pleads guilty and agrees to settle the charges brought against him through acceptance to meet the courts requirements which may be: restitution, mandatory curfew, school attendance or rehabilitation (NCJRS, 2000). The juvenile is then released but will be monitored by a probation officer. In formal hearings a decision is made where the case will be heard and this may be in a juvenile or criminal court. Most of the cases will be heard in a juvenile court but egregious offenses will be tried in criminal courts (Neubauer & Fradelia, 200 9). Recommendations The juvenile system process varies within states but the above mentioned process is a standard procedure that is supposed to be followed. The problem is that the process is rarely followed. I would recommend that all states adopt the same process so that it becomes uniform. Secondly some states detain juveniles for over six hours in adult penitentiaries. This should stop because the minors go through a rough time in the cells and this affects them psychologically. Third I would also recommend system wide changes in terms of facilities and officers trained to facilitate the whole process. References Martin, G. (2005). Juvenile Justice: Process and Systems. Thousand Oaks, Carlifonia: Sage Publications. NCJRS. (2000). Juvenile Justice System Structure and Process. Retrieved March 26, 2012, from NCJRS: https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/nationalreport99/chapter4.pdf Neubauer, D. W., & Fradelia, H. F. (2009). America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System. New York: C engage

The Modern Epictetus's Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Modern Epictetus's Philosophy - Essay Example The passage is quite explicit in explaining that when we interpret an event or action by associating it with well-defined adjectives, it expresses certain inhibiting or exhibiting features which provoke a reaction that defines our attitude and perception towards it. According to the passage, death is dreadful. In truth, it is we, who have associated death with being ‘dreadful’ and therefore, whenever we come across death, we react accordingly. That is why the philosopher says that we must understand the more complex nature of conscious and subconscious mind that forms impression which influences our actions and therefore, instead of blaming others, we must try to change our attitude and perception. Various philosophers like Aristotle, Pluto, Hume etc. have espoused philosophies regarding a different aspect of our life’s ideologies and the concept of living a moral and ethical life. The philosophy is part and parcel of every human being and he or she exhibits it th rough the wisdom and individual perspectives towards the various aspect of their daily life. The philosophers through the ages have attempted to explain the sequence of events or happenings around us that directly or indirectly influence our actions and reactions in our daily life. It tries to interpret everything and anything in the wider empirical consideration of our experiences of conscious and unconscious manifestations of our being. It, therefore, can be said that each of us, follow a definite philosophy which guides our actions and our efforts to gain knowledge and accordingly base our judgments of the people or event. Hence it becomes a crucial aspect of our thought processes that link the person or things with the represented verdict that has been pronounced by our mental imagery and once declared as such, we often refuse to change that impression.  Ã‚  

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business Strategy - Essay Example In 1993 Samsung launched SH-700 which was a smaller and sleeker mobile phone with better sound quality. Moreover, Samsung Mobile also got into aggressive marketing, so it captured half of the mobile market share, which was previously ruled by Motorola. Organizational Culture Samsung follows a simple philosophy to devote their technology and talent in order to create better-quality products and services. They prefer to hire skilled workforce and bright talents around the world; and offer them all the resources that they require to utilize their skills. Samsung follows a strict code of value in the organization. Firstly, they comply with the ethical standards and the laws; secondly, customers are always respected; thirdly a clean organization culture is followed; fourthly, focus towards cresting eco-friendly and healthy products have been always there and lastly, the company is always socially responsible for the society. Creativity, hard-work and intelligence are valued at Samsung (Sa msung, 2011). Success Factors Samsung is successful because of three major factors, namely design, technology and branding. The company invests heavily in research and development activities in digital technology, by employing scientists around the world. The LCD, plasma display, innovative cell phones, voice recognition technology, speech converted into text technology are a few developments that the Samsung labs have offered to the world. It is also a world leader in production of memory chips, and the creator of the first 1 megabit chip in the world. Samsung is also the largest producer of SRAM and DRAM chips in the world. The Galaxy S series is the turning point for Samsung Mobile because it has given stiff competition to the market leader in the smart phone segment, Apple Inc. This is the reason why this product has been chosen for this study. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS In this section, the critical success factors of Samsung would be discussed in details in order to evaluate the competencies of Samsung in terms of its product range, strategic capabilities, new products and competitor analysis. Product Range This study would focus on the Samsung Galaxy brand mobile, as the company entered the smart phone market with Galaxy brand to compete with market leaders such as Motorola, Nokia, Apple, HTC, and others. Samsung expanded the product portfolio under the Galaxy brand name. Under the product line of Galaxy, Samsung launched Galaxy S, Galaxy S II & S III, Galaxy Note I, II, Galaxy Tab, Galaxy Ace, and Galaxy Nexus. The Galaxy S series was launched to directly compete with Apple’s IPhones. Samsung Galaxy S series supports the Android operating system, which is another competence that has given stiff competition to Nokia which uses Symbian and Windows operating system, while Apple uses iOS. Strategic Capabilities The Galaxy S series is a reflection of enhanced design and technology of Samsung. The new Samsung Galaxy S III has been launched with the new version of the Android platform called Jelly Beans. This means that the strategy of Samsung is to bring out the most innovative technology in the market through its

The Modern Epictetus's Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Modern Epictetus's Philosophy - Essay Example The passage is quite explicit in explaining that when we interpret an event or action by associating it with well-defined adjectives, it expresses certain inhibiting or exhibiting features which provoke a reaction that defines our attitude and perception towards it. According to the passage, death is dreadful. In truth, it is we, who have associated death with being ‘dreadful’ and therefore, whenever we come across death, we react accordingly. That is why the philosopher says that we must understand the more complex nature of conscious and subconscious mind that forms impression which influences our actions and therefore, instead of blaming others, we must try to change our attitude and perception. Various philosophers like Aristotle, Pluto, Hume etc. have espoused philosophies regarding a different aspect of our life’s ideologies and the concept of living a moral and ethical life. The philosophy is part and parcel of every human being and he or she exhibits it th rough the wisdom and individual perspectives towards the various aspect of their daily life. The philosophers through the ages have attempted to explain the sequence of events or happenings around us that directly or indirectly influence our actions and reactions in our daily life. It tries to interpret everything and anything in the wider empirical consideration of our experiences of conscious and unconscious manifestations of our being. It, therefore, can be said that each of us, follow a definite philosophy which guides our actions and our efforts to gain knowledge and accordingly base our judgments of the people or event. Hence it becomes a crucial aspect of our thought processes that link the person or things with the represented verdict that has been pronounced by our mental imagery and once declared as such, we often refuse to change that impression.  Ã‚  

Dinosaur ridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dinosaur ridge - Essay Example On the 20th September 2014, I visited the famous Denver Dinosaur Ridge for a practical activity that involved fossil examination, gold panning, mineral recognition and dinosaur track printing. The place has experts and representatives from FODR geologists who help in the analyses of the geographical activities. For instance, the experts take students and visitors through the faulting, volcanic and earthquake processes that took place in the area. However, the geohazards occur in different ways due to the geological structure of the terrain and the localities of the features. This implies that the influence of the geohazards may vary in separate places depending on the geological composition in that area. The impacts of earth tremors on plain lands cause minimum risks compared to the one on rugged terrains. For instance, earthquakes on barren lands might cause destructions to properties, especially in congested areas. According to the FODR experts, volcanic ash bends are the common influence of geohazard processes at the Denver Dinosaur Ridge. This is because of the dumping nature of the volcanic bends during eruptions as was evidenced at the Colorado disaster. The experts further indicated that the determination of the geohazard activities is undertaken through checking on the mineral zircon crystals. This model considers the date of the rocks and their nature that might contribute to the breaking. It emerged that the volcanic ash bends had taken place over 100 million years ago because of the nature of the rocks and the number of mineral zircon minerals found. Geohazard activities may have also occurred at the Karst Hazards in the recent years. The formation of the Karst Hazard occurs because of the sinkholes that damage the infrastructure. It is evident that the sinkholes dissolve in the underlying limestone, exposing the infrastructure, such as roads or buildings, to risks of collapsing or sinking

Military Discipline Essay Example for Free

Military Discipline Essay Bring out uniformity in cooperating for the attainment of a common goal. This uniformity is obtained when an individual understands how to fit into an organization as a whole. To understand one another through the sharing of common goals. To ensure effectively of a group not only for specified purposes but also for emergencies. To install responses automatically without panic in an emergency. D. Principles of Effective Discipline Men fell wore secure if they knew that reward and punishment come to them because of behavior and not because of an officers word, mood or preference. An officer must be loyal to his men and worthy, takes an interest in them and makes sure they are granted rights and privileges. An officer commands publicly and reproves and reprimand privately. He gains the confidence of his men and is worthy of it. An officer/leader must set an example. E. Military Courtesy it is the accepted form of politeness in the military service. The foremost of this special form of courtesy is the salute. It is the expression or manifestation of consideration for others. F. Whom to Salute Commissioned officers of the AFP, National Flag, Colors, and standard not cased. Officers of foreign Armed Forces whose government is recognized by the republic of the Philippines. All civilians who are entitled by the custom to the salute. G. Proper Manner of Saluting Except when walking one should always be at attention when saluting. The right hand is raised smartly until the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headgear or forehead and slightly to the right eye. Thumb and finger are extended and joined. The palm is turned slightly in front of the body. The forearm is inclined at 45 degrees angle and the hand and wrist are in straight line. The first position of the hand salute or the nearest point of approach is more or less six paces. The first position of the salute should be held until the person saluted to have passed or the salute is returned. The hand salute under the naval custom is accompanied by a word of greeting such as good morning, Sir/Maam depending on the time of day. Naval custom permits saluting with left hand when a salute cannot be rendered by the right hand. H. Major Fault in Saluting Bowing the head as the salute is given. Dropping the hand salute before it has been returned. Holding the hand awkwardly high or letting it sag too low. Saluting while on the double time. Avoiding the gaze of the person saluted to. Saluting with a pipe, cigar, or cigarette in the mouth or in hand. I. Honors to the Colors and Anthem Whenever the National Anthem is played and you are not on formation and not in a vehicle, come to attention and at the first note, face the flag and render the prescribed salute. If no flag is nearer, face the music and salute. Vehicles in motion are brought to halt. Troop formations, riding in vehicles do not disembark. If outdoors and uncovered, attend at attention and face the flag. If indoor, officers and enlisted men will stand at attention. The passing of being passed by an uncased color, which is being paraded, presented or in its own formal display, a salute at six paces before and until it has passed you. In uncovered, stand at attention when passing by uncased color. The marks of respect above are also rendered to the national anthem of any friendly country when played upon an official occasion. Discipline 1. Training to act in accordance with rules; drill. 2. Activity, exercise, or a regimen that develops or improves a skill; training 3. Punishment inflicted by way of correction and training. 4. The rigor or training effect of experience, adversity 5. Behavior in accord with rules of conduct; behavior and order maintained by training and control

Socrates Last Error Essay -- Philosophy Papers

Socrates' Last Error In the dialogue, Crito, Socrates justified his decision to accept his death penalty. His decision was praised as principled and just. However, such a view was one of the greatest myths in the history of philosophy. Contrary to the accepted ideas, I wish to show that Socrates’ argument was erroneous, the crucial error being his failure to distinguish between substantial and procedural justice. In fact, the whole of the Crito refers to some deeper problems of the philosophy of law and morality. The dialogue "Crito" recounts Socrates' last days, immediately before his execution. As the text reveals, his friend Crito proposes to Socrates that he escape from prison. In a dialogue with Crito, Socrates considers the proposal, trying to establish whether an act like that would be just and morally justified. Eventually, he came to argue that by rejecting his sentence and by trying to escape from prison he would commit unjust and morally unjustified acts. Therefore, he decided to accept his death penalty and execution. Because of his decision, he became one of the cult figures in the history of philosophy, a man of intact moral integrity who had made his final decision according to the very same principles that guided his entire life. He was praised as a grand rationalist who had acted rationally and justly—a view which, I believe, represents one of the greatest myths in the history of philosophy. Contrary to this widely accepted myth, I will try to demonstrate that Socrates' argument was erroneous, which made his decision less rational. In fact, had he decided to escape, his behavior would not have represented an unjust act. Although his argumentation and dialogue with Crito seem more like a moral sermon, his ... ... of Law and State, p. 113. (2) Hart, The Concept of Law, p. 203. (3) Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, I-II, question 95. (4) Plato, Crito, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 125-6. (the year of publication unknown). (5) Ibid. p. 126. (6) Ibid. p. 126. (7) H. L., Hart, The Concept of Law, ch. VIII, and D., Lyons, Ethics and the rule of law, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 78 ff, (8) D., Lyons, Ethics and the Rule of Law, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 81. (9) Plato, The Apology, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 91. (the year of publication unknown). (10) Plato, Crito, in: The Works of Plato, The Nottingham Society, New York, vol. III, p. 129. (the year of publication unknown). (11) Ibid., 124. (12) Ibid., 124. (13) St. Augustine, Confessions, IV.

A Soldier :: essays research papers

As I sat and thought about what would catch and hold a reader by the nose, an old picture on the wall distracted me. It's not much of a picture, just a group of guys at work in a rather desolate place. This picture has rather special meaning to me, and carries with it a whole assortment of memories. The unknown is always worse then the known. Don't listen to rumors or try to imagine what it's like here. This is a modern sophisticated, highly technical, well-planned war. One I am sure I will return safely from. This war is not what is seen on television or talked about sitting at your favorite watering hole. This is a war that must be fought here and now, not based on past victories or failures. This truly is a war unlike any ever fought, yet a fight the world cannot turn away or hide from. We are here to insure the right of people to live in peace without fear of a more belligerent nation stripping the thin veneer of civilization away from them. A veneer that has been carefully nurtured for thousands of years to protect us from our more primitive instincts and ourselves. The rights and freedoms of innocent people have been infringed upon and the world..no, I cannot turn my head and walk away. Yes, my chosen profession is that of a soldier. A soldier by definition trains to be proficient in war and in the ability to cause destruction in the most efficient way possible. Perhaps this is why the soldier is also the one who most hates war and fighting. It is he who must carry the burden, endure the hardships, the pain, and the anguish of being the bringer of destruction. This same soldier who after months of living in a hostile environment, surviving the manmade hell of a modern battlefield can often be seen giving food or perhaps his last bit of hoarded chocolate to a small child. A child that has also survived the horror of war. Yet, I go forward in the morning with a light heart. Knowing that what I feel is shared by thousands of other soldiers. These same soldiers that I may be asked to kill in a matter of a few days. For part of a soldier is the bond or link that exists between themselves. For these professionals know each other by sight.